Дистанційне навчання 2020

PACE WORK ( Science) (22/04)

Тема: Землетруси

Read the words and guess the meanings (using the picture)

crust - Earth's outermost layer, which varies in thickness from about 5km to 60km and is separated from the mantle by the Moho Discontinuity

surface waves - waves of energy that reach Earth's surface during an earthquake, travel outward from the epicenter, and move rock particles up and down, and side to side

tsunami - powerful seismic sea wave that can travel thousands of kilometers in all directions and that begins over an earthquake focus

epicenter - point of Earth's surface directely above an earthquake's focus

focus - in an earthquake, the point beneath Earth's surface where energy release occurs

Write the words into vocabularies.

What is an Earthquake?

 Simply, earthquakes are the rumblings, shaking or rolling of the earth's surface. It is usually what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another, or break apart from each other as a result of tension caused by prolonged energy build up.

Earthquakes come in many forms. It can be felt as a shock under your feet, or may be very powerful and destructive enough to flatten an entire city. They can happen anywhere, land or sea.

Foreshocks, Mainshocks and Aftershocks:

 Sometimes, there are smaller shocks that occur before (foreshock) and after (aftershock) a main earthquake (mainshock). Sometimes foreshocks are so big and scientists are unsure if it is the main shock. Foreshocks and aftershocks can occur for days, weeks and months of a main earthquake.

Earthquakes are also called temblors.

It It is important to understand

 the earth’s makeup to help understand earthquakes better.

 In this diagram, you will notice that the inner and outer core of the earth (middle part) are liquid in nature, containing iron and nickel of extreme temperatures (5,500°C).

 The Mantle is semi-molten rock, also called magma. The outer is the crust, which is the hard part of the earth that forms the surface. This outer crust includes the land on which we live, the oceans and ocean deeps and anything within 40km (approx) down the earth's surface.

Earthquakes are developed in the outer crust of the earth.